The Influence of Alcohol and Drugs in Edgar Allen Poe Life...

The influence of alcohol and drugs in Edgar Allan Poe’s life â€Å"Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dreamed before† (Edgar Allan Poe). Darkness and sadness are strong characteristics of Edgar Allan Poe’s writing. The tragedies during his life, such as the death of his biological and adoptive moms, followed by the death of his young wife Virginia were important factors which formed his gothic style. Poe is known for his drinking problems and use of drugs. Those habits had a big influence in his life and in his works. Family members, classmates, depression and disasters influenced Poe to use alcohol. The possibilities of Poe been an alcoholic increased†¦show more content†¦1). Poe went so far that he got into a point that he drank absinthe and brandy which is a really dangerous mixture (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 27). Between the many possible causes of Edgar Allan Poe’s de ath, his problem with alcohol is really considerable as one important reason of his early death (Scharf, Douglas 1). Even though Poe was completely addicted to alcohol, many times, he tried very hard to fight against his alcoholism. Right after his first long drinking experience, during college, he tried to stay away from it (Black, Jamee A. 3). His drinking times were intermittent and he stayed abstain from alcohol for months in some of those periods (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 8). Promises were made and repeatedly times he said that would never drink again. As one side of Poe tells him that he should stop with alcohol, the other side tells that he should drink to relief his emotional pains and usually he followed this last side once is a lot easier to deal with it (Black, Jamee A. 6). In 1847, Poe’s get extremely hard into drinking, one of the worse times during his whole life, after the death of his young wife Virginia (Hennelly, Mark M. 1). After this event he could stop dr inking alcohol anymore (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 14). Other important characteristic of his life is the use of drugs. Some evidences show that Poe really used drugs but for medical benefits in which the doctors gave to him as a medicineShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Genius that Was Edgar Allan Poe1799 Words   |  8 Pagesare not recognized for their effect on society until well after their lives have ended. One of the individuals in particular goes by the name of Edgar Allan Poe. Most people when asked what they know of the man conjure up images of horror and darkness that they have learned to associate with the man. Many thought of him as a tortured alcoholic and drug addict, but so much more is to be said of the man who single handedly created so much literary success, though he did not reap many benefits fromRead MoreProposition to Reface Mount Rushmore2204 Words   |  9 PagesMount Rushmore possesses faces that are very important and worthy, they are no longer relevant in tod ay’s society. The proposition I have for the re-facing of Mount Rushmore is sure to be relevant and inspiring to Americans for centuries to come. Edgar Allen Poe was an American poet and short story composer whose writings have influenced literature for a century and a half. Calvin Coolidge was a strong leader who was appointed to presidential office in the 1920s. He also had a very awesome last name.Read MoreEssay on Edgar Allen Poes Fall of House of Usher1733 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder affects many people today as well as in the time of Edgar Allen Poe when it was then called melancholia. Poe was diagnosed with this disorder and it plays an integral role in his story, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† (1839). This story is heavily influenced by this disorder or its presently associated symptoms and also describes one way that bipolar disorder can genetically affect an entire family. To fully understand a story involving this disorder, it is cardinal to know theRead MoreEssay Edgar Allan Poe3220 Words   |  13 PagesEdgar Allan Poe The boundaries which divide Life and Death are at best shadowy and vague. Who shall say where one ends, and where the other begins? Edgar Allan Poe, The Premature Burial (Bartlett, 642). To venture into the world of Edgar Allan Poe is to embark on a journey to a land filled with perversities of the mind, soul, and body. The joyless existence carved out by his writings is one of lost love, mental anguish, and the premature withering of his subjects. Poe wrote in a style thatRead MoreAttachment Is Defined As The Bond Between An Infant And A Primary Caregiver And The Reaction Essay1925 Words   |  8 PagesSamuel Staton Attachment is defined as the bond that is formed between an infant and a primary caregiver and the reaction an infant has during separation when reuniting with his/her primary caregiver (Lee, 2003). Since parents, biology, and culture influence attachment, children will experience different effects and results based on how attachment develops. In 1964, Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson conducted a study in which they studied babies and developed a sequential progression of attachmentRead MoreThe Opioid Crisis And Communities Nationwide3993 Words   |  16 Pageswhile he was on life support is something I will never forget. I had never been through something like this and never hope to again. This great loss was tragic but at the same time motivated me to want to make a difference. I knew I didn’t want anyone to have to go through what his family and I did. Unfortunately, many have been in that same excruciating place. Going through this experience is what made me want to combat the issue of drugs. In this paper, I will be creating my own drug treatment programRead MoreResearch Assignment . 15. Alyssa Swartz. May 2, 2017. Criminal3997 Words   |  16 Pageswhile he was on life support is something I will never forget. I had never been through anything like this and never hope to again. This great loss was tragic, but at the same time motivated me to want to make a difference. I knew I didn’t want anyone to have to go through what his family and I did. Unfortunately, many have been in that same excruciating place. Going through this experience is what made me want to combat the issue of drugs. In this paper, I will be creating my own drug treatment programRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSkills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of Privacy? 9 WORKPLACE ISSUES: We Are Now Entering the Blogosphere 10 Workforce Diversity 10 The Workforce Today 10 DID YOU KNOW?: Chief Diversity Officer 11 How Diversity Affects HRM 11 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Diversity Awareness 12 What Is a Work/Life Balance? 12 DID YOU

Judicial Branch And Civil Liberties - 1171 Words

Dana Rosansky Mr. Wigglesworth AP Government and Politics 12 January 2016 Judicial Branch and Civil Liberties Terms 1. Amicus Curiae Definition: translates to â€Å"friend of the court;† the filing of briefs or appearing to argue their interests orally before the court Significance: executive branch and organizations may submit amicus briefs; allows lobbyist organizations to garner significant influence over the judiciary branch; for example, in 1991, there was lobbying by the NAACP against Clarence Thomas (who they felt would not aptly represent them) 2. Appellate Jurisdiction Definition: the power vested in an appellate court to review/revise the decision of a lower court Significance: the main form of jurisdiction utilized by the Supreme Court; opposite of original jurisdiction; appellate courts do not actually hear the case (unlike federal district courts and state trial courts); courts take in upwards of 300 thousand cases; 12th D.C. Court of Appeals deals with most appeals which involve the federal government; also deals with regulatory commissions and agencies; often viewed as the second most important court in the fed. System; these courts represent the â€Å"last resort† for most litigation; 13th U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; deals with patents/contracts/financial claims against fed. Gov. 3. Appointment of Judicial Nominees (how does someone get selected/what is the process) Definition: One is appointed by the President and then subject to SenateShow MoreRelatedAlexander Hamilton’s essay is mainly about the importance of having an independent judiciary branch1000 Words   |  4 Pageshaving an independent judiciary branch and its ability to strike down laws passed by Congress which are believed to be â€Å"contrary to the manifest tenor of the Constitution.† The rest of the essay, for the most part, deals with structure of federal courts, their jurisdiction and powers, the methods used in appointing judges and other related issues. In supporting the main theme of his essay, that is, independence of judiciary, Hamilton argued that the judiciary branch has â€Å"neither force nor will butRead MoreThe Supreme Court s Marbury V. Madison Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesdecision would forever alter the political framework of the United States. Resulting in the creation of judicial review—the power to determine if a piece of legislation is constitutional, that is, whether or not it infringes on the provisions of existing law —the Marbury v. Madison decision arguably made the judicial branch the most powerful division of the federal government. Today, judicial review is a fundamental part of American government, standing as a testament of the significance of the historicalRead MorePersons Deprived of Liberty1523 Words   |  7 Pages2010 National Summit Declaration on Persons Deprived of Liberty Manila, Philippines â€Å"Collaborative Partnership in Enhancing the Dignity of Persons Deprived of Liberty† The participants, representing the Executive Branch, the Legislature, the Judiciary, other public institutions, civil society organizations, faith-based organizations and other partners, AFFIRMING the State’s constitutional obligation and adherence with international laws and covenants to protect and uphold fundamental rightsRead MoreThe Judicial Branch827 Words   |  4 Pagesjudiciary branch of the federal government has contributed and molded our American beliefs in this great nation. This branch of government is respected because of the code of conduct that the judges, no matter how conservative or liberal. The language of the court as well as the uniform of the cloaks that judges wear has most probably contributed towards this widespread respect. Throughout the history of the United States, I noticed a pattern of â€Å"cause and effect† that our judiciary branch had practicedRead MoreComparing US Democratic Republic, Roman Republic, and Athenian Democracy Governments647 Words   |  3 Pagesthey run their government. In the U.S. Democratic Republic, it has all three branches of government which are the legislature, executive, and the judicial branch. Their legislative branch has a Senate of 100 members and theyre elected by the people for a six-year-term. The Senates make laws and they advise president on foreign policy. The executive branch has a president that is elected by the people for four years. The president is the chief executive of the government and the commander-in-chiefRead MoreThe Four Functions Of A Constitution1299 Words   |  6 PagesThis causes a fragmented executive branch. The governor has little power to reorganize executive agencies. The executive article is too specific and creates roadblocks to expeditious government action. What ideas have been discussed to resolve those three specific issues? repealing obsolete provisions make a new constitution What types of special interests are involved when Constitutional changes are advocated? Business and consumers Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Education Government budgetRead MoreThe Significance Of West Virginia1255 Words   |  6 PagesSection I Question 3: The Significance of West Virginia Barrette’s Civil Liberties Jurisprudence in Supreme Court Rulings on Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech. Justice Jackson’s Majority opinion in West Virginia v Barnett declared the â€Å"..very purpose of a Bill of Rights was to withdraw certain subjects from the vicissitudes of political controversy, to place them beyond the reach of majorities and officials and to establish them as legal principles to be applied by the courts†(RossumnRead MoreUS Constitution Then and Now Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesset of principles known as the Constitution. There have only been 17 amendments, or changes, since ratification. While the United States has evolved with time the role and function of the government, and the way the government guarantees civil rights and liberties, has also evolved. These changes have resulted from changing or broadening of the interpretation of the constitution. Although the core of the constitution has not changed, it has expanded and its interpretation has changed to keep upRead MoreThe Governmental Branches Of The United States Essay1531 Words    |  7 PagesThree governmental branches were created by the new constitution: an executive branch, a judicial branch and a legislative branch. The constitution called for the election of a governor and 24 senators and identified eligible voters as men who were possessed of freeholds of the value of one hundred pounds, over and above all debts charged thereon. The constitution also called for the election of 70 assemblymen for 14 declared counties who were to be elected by male inhabitant of full age, who shallRead MoreIs Court Justice Appointment System?1329 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"the one person one vote† concept in judicial elections is not the preferable method of selecting judges. While flawed, the preferable method is the gubernatorial appointment because it avoids the pressures of the majority. Democracy is flawed and the process of judges having to campaign for their seats on the bench extends these flaws. A judiciary cannot be independent and neutral if judges have to deal with campaign fundraising. The role of money in judicial elections is expanding rapidly, $206

Sugar’s Effect on Your Health Free Essays

The average American consumes an astounding 2-3 pounds of sugar each week, which is not surprising considering that highly refined sugars in the forms of sucrose (table sugar), dextrose (corn sugar), and high-fructose corn syrup are being processed into so many foods such as bread, breakfast cereal, mayonnaise, peanut butter, ketchup, spaghetti sauce, and a plethora ofmicrowave meals. In the last 20 years, we have increased sugar consumption in the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Sugar’s Effect on Your Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now 26 pounds to 135 lbs. of sugar per person per year! Prior to the turn of this century (1887-1890), the average consumption was only 5 lbs. per person per year!Cardiovascular disease  and  cancer  was virtually unknown in the early 1900’s. The â€Å"glycemic index† is a measure of how a given food affects blood-glucose levels, with each food being assigned a numbered rating. The lower the rating, the slower the absorption and  digestion process, which provides a more gradual, healthier infusion of sugars into the bloodstream. On the other hand, a high rating means that blood-glucose levels are increased quickly, which stimulates the pancreas to secrete  insulin  to drop blood-sugar levels. These rapid fluctuations of blood-sugar levels are not healthy because of the stress they place on the body.One of sugar’s major drawbacks is that it  raises the insulin level, which inhibits the release of growth hormones, which in turn depresses the  immune system. This is not something you want to take place if you want to avoid disease. An influx of sugar into the bloodstream upsets the body’s blood-sugar balance, triggering the release of insulin, which the body uses to keep blood-sugar at a constant and safe level. Insulin also promotes the storage of fat, so that when you eat sweets high in sugar, you’re making way for rapid weight gain and  elevated triglyceride levels, both of which have been linked to cardiovascular disease.Complex carbohydrates tend to be absorbed more slowly, lessening the impact on blood-sugar levels. Sugar depresses the immune system. We have known this for decades. It was only in the 1970’s that researchers found out that  vitamin Cwas needed by white blood cells so that they could phagocytize viruses and bacteria. White blood cells require a 50 times higher concentration inside the cell as outside so they have to accumulate vitamin C. There is something called a â€Å"phagocytic index† which tells you how rapidly a particular macrophage or lymphocyte can gobble up a virus, bacteria, orcancer  cell.It was in the 1970’s that Linus Pauling realized that white blood cells need a high dose ofvitamin C  and that is when he came up with his theory that you need high doses of  vitamin C  to combat the  common cold. We know that glucose and  vitamin C  have similar chemical structures, so what happens when the sugar levels go up? They compete for one another upon entering the cells. And the thing that mediates the entry of glucose into the cells is the same thing that mediates the en try of vitamin C into the cells. If there is more glucose around, there is going to be less vitamin C allowed into the cell.It doesn’t take much: a blood sugar value of 120 reduces the phagocytic index by 75%. So when you eat sugar, think of your  immune system  slowing down to a crawl. Here we are getting a little bit closer to the roots of disease. It doesn’t matter what disease we are talking about, whether we are talking about a common cold or about cardiovascular disease, or cancer or osteoporosis, the root is always going to be at the cellular and molecular level, and more often than not  insulin  is going to have its hand in it, if not totally controlling it.The health dangers which ingesting sugar on an habitual basis creates are certain. Simple sugars have been observed to aggravate asthma, move mood swings, provoke personality changes, muster mental illness, nourish nervous disorders, deliver  diabetes, hurry  heart disease, grow gallstones, hasten hypertension, and add arthritis . Because refined dietary sugars lack minerals and vitamins, they must draw upon the body’s micro-nutrient stores in order to be metabolized into the system.When these storehouses are depleted, metabolization of cholesterol and  fatty acid  is impeded, contributing to higher blood serumtriglycerides, cholesterol, promoting  obesity  due to higher fatty acid storage around organs and in sub-cutaneous tissue folds. Because sugar is devoid of minerals, vitamins, fiber, and has such a deteriorating effect on the endocrine system, major researchers and major health organizations (American Dietetic Association and American Diabetic Association) agree that sugar consumption in America is one of the 3 major causes of degenerative disease. Honey is a simple sugarThere are 4 classes of simple sugars which are regarded by most nutritionists as â€Å"harmful† to optimal health when prolonged consumption in amounts above 15% of the carbohydrate calories are ingested: Sucrose, fructose, honey, and malts. Some of you may be surprised to find honey here. Although honey is a natural sweetener, it is considered a refined sugar because 96% of dry matter are simple sugars: fructose, glucose and sucrose. It is little wonder that the honey bear is the only animal found in nature with a problem with tooth-decay (honey decays teeth faster than table sugar). Honey has the highest calorie content of all sugars with 65 calories/tablespoon, compared to the 48 calories/tablespoon found in table sugar. The increased calories are bound to cause increased blood serum fatty acids, as well as weight gain, on top of the risk of more cavities. | | Pesticides  used on farm crops and residential flowers have been found in commercial honey. Honey can be fatal to an infant whose immature digestive tracts are unable to deal effectively with Botulinum Spore growth. What nutrients or enzymes raw honey does contain are destroyed by manufacturers who heat it in order to give it a clear appearance to enhance sales.If you are going to consume honey, make sure it is raw, unheated honey. Good to use in special cures, but not as an every day food. It is not much better than white or brown sugar. Here is a list of ways sugar can affect your health: * Sugar can suppress the  immune system. * Sugar can upset the body’s mineral balance. * Sugar can contribute to hyperactivity, anxiety,  depression, concentration difficulties, and crankiness in children. * Sugar can produce a significant rise in  triglycerides. * Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children. * Sugar can reduce helpful high density cholesterol (HDLs). Sugar can promote an elevation of harmful cholesterol (LDLs). * Sugar can cause hypoglycemia. * Sugar contributes to a weakened defense against bacterial infection. * Sugar can cause kidney damage. * Sugar can increase the risk of  coronary heart disease. * Sugar may lead to chromium deficiency. * Sugar can cause copper deficiency. * Sugar interferes with absorption of calcium and magnesium. * Sugar can increase  fasting  levels of blood glucose.* Sugar can promote tooth decay. * Sugar can produce an acidic stomach. * Sugar can raise adrenaline levels in children. Sugar can lead to  periodontal disease. * Sugar can speed the aging process, causing wrinkles and grey hair. * Sugar can increase total cholesterol. * Sugar can contribute to  weight gain and obesity. * High intake of sugar increases the risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. * Sugar can contribute to  diabetes. * Sugar can contribute to  osteoporosis. * Sugar can cause a decrease in  insulin sensitivity. * Sugar leads to decreased glucose tolerance. * Sugar can cause  cardiovascular disease. * Sugar can increase systolic blood pressure. * Sugar causes food  allergies. Sugar can cause  free radical  formation in the bloodstream. * Sugar can cause toxemia during  pregnancy. * Sugar can contribute to eczema in children. * Sugar can overstress the pancreas, causing damage. * Sugar can cause  atherosclerosis. * Sugar can compromise the lining of the capillaries. * Sugar can cause liver cells to divide, increasing the size of the liver. * Sugar can increase the amount of  fat in the liver. * Sugar can increase kidney size and produce pathological changes in the  kidney. * Sugar can cause  depression. * Sugar can increase the body’s fluid retention. Sugar can cause hormonal imbalance. * Sugar can cause hypertension. * Sugar can cause headaches, including migraines. * Sugar can cause an increase in delta, alpha and theta brain waves, which can alter the mind’s ability to think clearly. * Sugar can increase blood platelet adhesiveness which increases risk of blood clots and  strokes. * Sugar can increase  insulin responses  in those consuming high-sugar diets compared to low sugar diets. * Sugar increases bacterial  fermentation in the colon. | Sugar and cancer Of the over 4 million  cancer  patients being treated in the U.S. today, almost none are offered any scientifically guided nutrition therapy other than being told to â€Å"just eat good foods. † Many cancer patients would have a major improvement in their conditions if they controlled the supply of cancer’s preferred fuel: GLUCOSE. By slowing the cancer’s growth, patients make it possible for their  immune systems  to catch up to the disease. Controlling one’s blood-glucose levels through  diet,  exercise, supplements,  meditation  and  prescription drugs  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ when necessary – can be one of the most crucial components to a cancer treatment program.The saying â€Å"Sugar feeds  cancer† is simple. The explanation is a little more involved. German Otto Warburg, Ph. D. , the 1931 Nobel laureate in medicine, first discovered that cancer cells have a fundamentally different energy metabolism compared to healthy cells. The gist of his Nobel thesis was this: malignant tumors frequently exhibit an increase in â€Å"anaerobic glycolysis† – a process whereby glucose is used by cancer cells as a fuel with lactic acid as an anaerobic by-product – compared to normal tissues. 1) | | | Hence,  cancer therapies  should attempt to regulate blood-glucose levels through  diet, supplements,exercise, medication when necessary, gradual weight loss and  stress reduction. Since cancer cells derive most of their energy from anaerobic glycolysis, the goal is not to eliminate sugars or carbohydrates entirely from the diet but rather to control blood-glucose within a narrow range to help starve the cancer cells and boost  immune function. How to cite Sugar’s Effect on Your Health, Papers

Fulfilment of Goals of the Organisation â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Fulfilment Of Goals Of The Organisation? Answer: Introduction: The measurement of the performance of the company is of an utmost importance since the business survives for the purposes of earning profits and also for these satisfaction of the customers (HBR, 2017). The following are the ways through which the performance of the company can be measured: In respect of financial metrics, profit, cost, LOB revenue vs the target, cost of goods sold, days sales outstanding, sales by region, LOB vs budget are used In terms of the customer metrics, customer lifetime values, customer acquisition cost, customer satisfaction and retention, net promoter score and the number of the customers are used (Info entrepreneurs, 2017). In the terms of the process metrics, the customer support tickets, % of the product defects, LOB efficiency measures are used. In terms of the people metrics, employee turnover rate, % of response to the open positions along with the employee satisfaction are used (Clear point strategy, 2017). Findings: Air New Zealand: The company undertaken for review in the Air New Zealand Company. The remuneration of the directors is paid in the form of the fees to the directors. The additional amount of the fees is paid to the chairman and also to the deputy chairman. Also, the work has been carried out by the individual directors on the various board committees in order to reflect the additional responsibilities by these directors. The total amount of the fees that is paid to the directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders. The company makes reasonable travel arrangements for the directors and the other costs that are associated with the business of the company. The amount that is paid to the directors is bifurcated under the following heads: Directors fees Commitment fees Total fees which is the total of the directors fess and commitment fees Value of travel entitlement In order to attract and also retain the talented individuals, the performance and the reward of the strategy is aligned with the recruitment policy of the company. This is done in order to source the talented people and also for the development of the future leaders and also provide the succession pipelines into the main roles of the directors. The main aim of this strategy is to attract the individuals that perform well. Also, it helps in attracting and also, in providing the opportunities that are rich in nature and rich developmental opportunities and also, recognise the achievement through the way of targeted performance and also, the reward initiatives. The remuneration strategy of the company is pinned in by the pay for the performance philosophy and the same are fixed as per the positions fixed remunerations for the competent performance which is below the market median for all of the individual employment agreements which includes the Chief Executive Officer and also uses the annual incentives of the performance for the creation of the opportunities for each and everyone in the competitive market. Also, there are annual increments in the level of the remuneration that is paid in the case of the employees. Also, in the case wherein the employee performance good, the total amount of the remuneration which is in excess of the market is paid off. The strategy of the remuneration has been designed in order to provide the remuneration which is based on the performance as against the agreed stretch targets which aligns the actions with the interest of the shareholders and also, balances the competitiveness with affordability. The packages of the CEO and the executives comprises of the following: Fixed based salary The incentive based on an annual performance Long term incentive The people remuneration and the diversity commit of the company keeps itself abreast with all of the revenant market information and also, the best practices. They further obtain the advice from the external advisors as and when necessary. The levels of the remuneration are reviewed each year in order to assess the competitiveness in the market and also, is aligned with the strategies and the performance priorities. The people remuneration and the diversity committee approved the company PWC as the firm which would provide the remuneration benchmark for the CEO and also for the other executives for the year 2016. PWC benchmarked the selection of the various executive positions as against the country of New Zealand and the Australian peer compiled from the database of the PWC. The peer group comprises of the 12 New Zealand and 11 organisations of the country of Australia. The further investigation of the Air New Zealand indicated the various remuneration bands that remain in line with the pay levels of the market. There is a fixed remuneration policy of the company as per which the remuneration at the rate of 90% of the market median for the executives is set in that is fully competent in their roles. The annual performance incentives are delivered through the short term incentive schemes. The various measures that are used in the determination of the quantum of the short term incentives are set in on an annual basis. There are targets that relate both with the financial performance of the company and also with the individual targets. For the CEO, the short term incentive is based at 60% of the financial performance of the company and then 40% of the individual performance set as against the specific targets. For the remaining employees, the weight is 50% of the financial performance of the company and 50% for the performance of the individual. The participation is in the plan by the annual invitation which is at the discretion of the company. The companys components is at the beginning of each one of the financial year wherein the board confirms the financial target of the company for the payments of the various incentives which is much below the incentives of the payments which is mainly set at 10% above the amount of the earnings before taxation. The same is achieved by the company over the period of 5 years. The company must go on to achieve more than 50% of the financial target before the companys component has been paid out. The maximum component of the company is 200% which is achieved when the company reaches the target of 150% of the financial target. The following are the main factors that assess the individual performance for the stated year: Financial performance within the specific responsibilities of the executives Business performance Strategic development and delivery People, culture and the performance of the leadership The payments in respect of each one of the individual components have been made as per the overall performance rating which takes into account the performance of each one of the employee which is across the individual measures and demonstrates the leadership behaviours of the company. Performance Rating Individual STI Percentage Unsatisfactory 0% Developing 60% Achieving 100% High 130% Outstanding 200% The long term incentives of the company have been designed for the purposes of aligning the interest of the CEO along with the executives and also in in with the shareholding and this is done for the purposes of incentivising the various participants in the plan that enhances the value of the long term shareholding. During the stated year, the plan is available to the various executives which included the long term incentive performance rights plans. The participation in any year is done by an annual invitation which is at the discretion of the board. There are mainly two components of long term incentive plan: Performance Rights Mandatory Shareholding The remuneration of the CEO over the year is fixed at $1470, 000 whereas during the financial year 2015, the same was $1400, 000. The annual performance value of the short term incentive scheme was set at 55% of the fixed remuneration in case all of the performance targets are achieved. In case, the performance rating is not satisfactory, then no short term incentive would be payable. Up to the amount of 110% of the fixed remuneration is payable for the outstanding performance. The CEO earned a total of the short term payment of the value of $1617, 000 whereas during the year 2015, the amount paid was $1540, 000. This is the payment which is made during the year 2017. In terms of the long term incentive, the CEO has an access to the long term incentive schemes. The companys long term incentive performance rights plan were outlined and the company had the restricted share rights. The CEO is the member of the companys group superannuation scheme (Annual report, 2016). Qantas annual report: The company is committed towards having an outcome of the remuneration which is aligned with the performance and also the creation of the value of the shareholder. The annual incentives were not paid to the CEO in the years 2011, 2012 and during the year 2013-14. Partial awards were paid tin the 2 years during 2010-11 and 2012-13. Also, the target was paid during the year 2014-15. The long term incentive plan were vested and did not vest at all in the 4 previous years. The company continued to improve its customer experience and exceeded the transformation program of the company. The company further delivered the recorded financial result and also returned an amount of $ 1 billion to the shareholders. All of the employees were proud of their contribution to these results. During the year 2015-16, the remuneration outcomes for the CEO and also of the executive management would align with the performance of the Qantas and the creation of the value of the shareholders. An annual incenti ve was paid to the CEO and the executive management is based on their contribution to the achievement of the 2015-16. The short term incentive plans scorecard of the financial and the non-financial performance targets are also in place. The board also reviewed the performance of the CEO and also of the executive management and also concluded their actions which helps in achieving the targets. The management achieved an amount of $357 million growth of the revenue of the passenger that helps in the utilisation of the group aircraft. This contributed the growth of the non-cyclical earnings which was delivered through the delivery of the loyalty of the companys diversification strategy and also delivered the strong improvement from the Jetsar group of the airlines in Asia which was reported as entailing a healthy amount of the combined profit. The management too achieved the different objectives of the financial framework of the group. The optimal structure of the capital with an inves tment grade credit ratings was also restored by the Moods Investor Services and the standard and Pros. There was an achievement of the return on the amount of the capital that has been invested at the rate of 23%. During the years 2014 to 2016, the long term investment plans includes a fixed number of the rights that were awarded to the CEO and also to the executive management during the year 2013. Based on the total return on the shareholders wealth which extends over the period of the 3 years, the rights were converted into the shares of the Qantas. The outcomes of the remuneration is detailed in the table that follows: The variable outcome of the company includes an award during the year 2015-16, the short term incentive plan which consist of the cash bonus of an amount of $1632, 000 which is worth shares with the period of 2 year period of restriction. The long term incentive plan is also awarded to the CEO vested and this converted the same into 2,151, 000 shares. In the beginning of the long term incentive plan, the number of the shares that were valued at $2904, 000. There was a 109% increase in the price of the shares and the value of these shares were appreciated at an amount of $3,162, 000. These were the outcomes that were aligned with the performance of the company and also of the CEO and was also aligned with the long term performance of the company. The table that follows shows a linkage between the pay and the performance of the company: Particulars (Amounts in $ in thousands) CEO Remuneration Outcomes 2016 2016 Target pay % at target Base Pay (cash) 2,106.00 2,000.00 2,125.00 NA STIP cash bonus 3,264.00 1,904.00 1,700.00 192.00 STIP restricted shares 1,632.00 952.00 850.00 192.00 LTIP vesting 2,904.00 2,353.00 1,700.00 171.00 Other -108.00 112.00 - NA Total excluding share price growth 9,798.00 7,321.00 6,375.00 154.00 LTIP share price growth 3,162.00 4,563.00 Total including share price growth 12,960.00 11,884.00 There is a link between the pay of the CEO and the performance of the company and this is done through the way of measuring the performance of both the annual incentive and also which has the long term incentive. In this company, the annual incentives are paid in years as and when the board review the same. The business and the executives have also performed very well. The long term incentives only vest where the financial performance of the company is strong and is also challenging wherein the performance measures for the 3 years are met successfully. The management has an approach towards the hedging of the fuel and this also restructured the hedged positions. This company along with these initiatives and active hedging positions led to a reduction of $664 million reduction in the expense of the fuel. The approach of the fuel hedging continued and also helped in providing a greater amount of the participation in the falling prices of the fuel when compared with its competitors. There is a contributed investment of the customer. This further delivered the advocacy of the record customers or of the net promoter scores. This led to the growth in the earnings in the core domestic business of the airline and this helped in achieving the year of margin expansion when kept as against the domestic competitors in both the premium and the low cost customer segments. The CEOs were paid an award of $3264, 000 along with the deferred shares of an amount of $1632, 000. This was accompanied by the 2 year restriction. The vesting of these rights were also subject to the performance of the company when compared with the other companies included in the ASX 100 and the Global listed airlines. The share price of the company grew from an amount of $ 1.35 to $2.82 which indicates a good performance for the company over the period of the performance period of 2014-2016 (Annual report, 2016). Virgin Australia: The group makes sure that the executive remunerations as competitive and set as against the peer group. There is a mix of remuneration between the fixed and the variable components which is aligned with the strategy of the group, the business imperatives and also of the regulatory requirements. The non-executive directors are also remunerated by the way of the fees and does not participate in the schemes that have been designed for the purposes of paying compensations to the executives. There is a prohibition set as against the use of the margin loans and also of the hedging arrangements. There is a prohibition of the short term trading and the hedging economic exposure to the unvested options that are issued as per the employees option plans. The directors are also prohibited from the obtaining of the margin loans as against the securities of the companies the security for the loans. There is a contributed growth along with the development and the success of the company which demand s the executive remuneration to be a part of the strategy of the businesses its values and also of the achievement of the driven cultures. For the purposes of achieving the objectives that are long term in nature along with the value of the shareholders, there is an utilisation of the approach of the balance s scorecard that establishes and measures the various objectives of the performance and this determines the outcomes of the remuneration for the CEO and the senior executives. During the year 2015, the company was named 6th as the most respected company in the country of Australia and the company won the Skytrax World Airline award for the best airline staff service in the region of the Australian Pacific for the 5th consecutive year and the company was also named as the most attractive employer of the country of Australia at the Randstad awards. The short term incentive of the company included the progress in executing the virgin vision of the company and this further achieved the significant improvement when it comes to the financial performance of the company. This reflects the positive trajectory of the company. When it comes to considering the substantial achievement of the company, the board has agreed that the short term incentive payment would be based on the fact of the achievement of the corporate scorecard and also on the metrics of the individual performance and this is considered to be most appropriate. The long term incentive, the CEO has been issued the cash settled performance plan during the year 2015 financial year. The hurdle of these performances for the grant was made to the CEO which is an equal split of 50% of the ROIC. This is in addition to the 50% of the corporate measures. The ROIC has an outperforming potential which is linked with the ROIC and has the maximum of 2.5 times of the fixed amount of th e remuneration for the ROIC measures only. There have been many oof the performance measures that includes specific targets related with the growth of the corporate and the target of the revenue of the government along with the performance of Tigerair Australia. The senior executives were also issued the cash settled performance plan during the year of 2015 which is based on one single measure of the ROIC. The outperformance of the ROIC is somewhat based on the linear scale which has the maximum of 1.5 times of the fixed amount of the remuneration. The long term incentive includes the CEO which has one senior executive option plan. The senior executives has one SEOP and this has achieved a negative outcome as against the TSR which was set for the company. In the terms of equity and the deferred cash tables, the cash settled performance plan compensation were granted during the year 2016 and there were many of the previous plans under this cash settled performance plan which were gra nted during the year 2016 and also, the previous on the foot cash grants. During the stated period, an amount of $153, 000 as against $0 during the year 2015 were awarded as compensation. During the period, ach one of the individual were considered to be a key management personnel. Also, nil awards were forfeited during the year and no additional compensation has been awarded since the end of the year. In terms of the short term incentive plan, all of the performance rights referred to the performance rights over the ordinary shares of the company which were exercisable on a one for one basis and also provided at no cost to the recipients. All of the non-executive directors were not given the right to participate in these short term plans. During the year. About 604, 106 and during the year 2015, 1, 243, 845 performance rights got vested and about 604, 106 during the year 2016 ad 1,312, 121 during the year 2015 shares were issued on the exercise of the performance rights that were granted for the remuneration. Nil performance rights for the both of the years were forfeited during the financial year and no performance rights have been granted to the employees till the end of the financial year (Annual report, 2016). Conclusion: Each and every company has its own set of the performance measures and these performance measures are used for the purposes of assessing the performance of each one of the individual. Also, when it comes to the media, there is as such no discussion on the different metrics that have been used but these metrics are very well stated in the companys annual report and also, so, the shareholders are very well informed about the same. Recommendations: The companies must include the following in its remuneration policy structure: Fixed pay Annual remuneration Long term awards Minimum remuneration to the directors. This would include the stock options, policy review The rewards included for the employees of the company must be long term in nature and also, more stock options must be granted. References: ClearPoint Strategy. (2017).18 Key Performance Indicator Examples Defined. [online] Available at: https://www.clearpointstrategy.com/18-key-performance-indicators/ [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Harvard Business Review. (2017).The Best Way to Measure Company Performance. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2010/03/the-best-way-to-measure-compan [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Infoentrepreneurs.org. (2017).Measure performance and set targets. [online] Available at: https://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/measure-performance-and-set-targets/ [Accessed 12 May 2017]. p-airnz.com. (2017).Annual report 2016. [online] Available at: https://p-airnz.com/cms/assets/PDFs/financial-results-2016-v2.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. www.qantas.com.au. (2017).Annual report 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/corporateGovernance/2016AnnualReport.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. www.virginaustralia.com. (2017).Annual report 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.virginaustralia.com/cs/groups/internetcontent/@wc/documents/webcontent/~edisp/2016-annual-report.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. www.infosys.com. (2017).www.infosys.com. [online] Available at: https://www.infosys.com/investors/corporate-governance/Documents/nomination-remuneration-policy.pdf [Accessed 13 May 2017].